What is Pullulan Made Of?
Introduction
Pullulan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that is produced by certain fungi, most notably Aureobasidium pullulans. It is commonly used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its unique properties. In this article, we will explore what pullulan is made of and how it is produced.
What is Pullulan?
Pullulan is a linear polysaccharide made up of repeating units of maltotriose, a trisaccharide composed of three glucose molecules. It is classified as an exopolysaccharide, meaning it is produced by microorganisms and secreted into the surrounding environment. Pullulan is water-soluble, tasteless, odorless, and non-toxic, making it a versatile ingredient in various applications.
How is Pullulan Made?
Pullulan is produced through fermentation by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. During the fermentation process, the fungus secretes pullulan into the growth medium, where it forms a gel-like substance. The pullulan is then harvested, purified, and dried to create a white powder that is ready for use.
Composition of Pullulan
Pullulan is composed of maltotriose units linked together by α-1,6 glycosidic bonds. The molecular weight of pullulan can vary depending on the production process, but it typically ranges from 200,000 to 2,000,000 Daltons. Pullulan is a high molecular weight polymer, which contributes to its unique properties such as film-forming ability and excellent oxygen barrier properties.
Applications of Pullulan
Pullulan has a wide range of applications in various industries. In the food industry, it is used as a film-forming agent, thickener, and stabilizer in products such as candies, chewing gum, and dietary supplements. In the pharmaceutical industry, pullulan is used as a coating for tablets and capsules due to its excellent film-forming properties. In the cosmetic industry, pullulan is used in skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties.
Conclusion
In conclusion, pullulan is a versatile polysaccharide that is produced by fermentation using the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. It is composed of maltotriose units linked together to form a high molecular weight polymer with unique properties. Pullulan finds applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its film-forming ability, thickening properties, and excellent oxygen barrier properties.
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